Integrand size = 24, antiderivative size = 112 \[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {b c-a d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {b c-a d} x}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{b^2}+\frac {(b c-2 a d) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d} x}{\sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{2 b^2 \sqrt {d}} \]
1/2*(-2*a*d+b*c)*arctanh(x*d^(1/2)/(d*x^2+c)^(1/2))/b^2/d^(1/2)-arctan(x*( -a*d+b*c)^(1/2)/a^(1/2)/(d*x^2+c)^(1/2))*a^(1/2)*(-a*d+b*c)^(1/2)/b^2+1/2* x*(d*x^2+c)^(1/2)/b
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(354\) vs. \(2(112)=224\).
Time = 1.43 (sec) , antiderivative size = 354, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.16 \[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\frac {b x \sqrt {c+d x^2}+\frac {2 \left (-b c+a d+\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b c-a d}\right ) \sqrt {2 b c-a d+2 \sqrt {b} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b c-a d}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2 b c-a d+2 \sqrt {b} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b c-a d}} x}{\sqrt {a} \left (\sqrt {c}-\sqrt {c+d x^2}\right )}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d}+\frac {2 \sqrt {2 b c-a d-2 \sqrt {b} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b c-a d}} \left (b c-a d+\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b c-a d}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2 b c-a d-2 \sqrt {b} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {b c-a d}} x}{\sqrt {a} \left (-\sqrt {c}+\sqrt {c+d x^2}\right )}\right )}{\sqrt {a} d}+\frac {2 (b c-2 a d) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d} x}{-\sqrt {c}+\sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt {d}}}{2 b^2} \]
(b*x*Sqrt[c + d*x^2] + (2*(-(b*c) + a*d + Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d]) *Sqrt[2*b*c - a*d + 2*Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d]]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2*b*c - a*d + 2*Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d]]*x)/(Sqrt[a]*(Sqrt[c] - Sqrt[c + d*x^2]))])/(Sqrt[a]*d) + (2*Sqrt[2*b*c - a*d - 2*Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d]]*(b*c - a*d + Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d])*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2*b*c - a*d - 2*Sqrt[b]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d]]*x)/(Sqrt[a]*(-Sqrt[c] + Sqrt[c + d*x^2]))])/(Sqrt[a]*d) + (2*(b*c - 2*a*d)*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[d]*x)/(-Sqrt[c] + Sqrt[c + d*x^2])])/Sqrt[d])/(2*b^2)
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 118, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.05, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {380, 398, 224, 219, 291, 218}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 380 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\int \frac {a c-(b c-2 a d) x^2}{\left (b x^2+a\right ) \sqrt {d x^2+c}}dx}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 398 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\frac {2 a (b c-a d) \int \frac {1}{\left (b x^2+a\right ) \sqrt {d x^2+c}}dx}{b}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {d x^2+c}}dx}{b}}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 224 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\frac {2 a (b c-a d) \int \frac {1}{\left (b x^2+a\right ) \sqrt {d x^2+c}}dx}{b}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \int \frac {1}{1-\frac {d x^2}{d x^2+c}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt {d x^2+c}}}{b}}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 219 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\frac {2 a (b c-a d) \int \frac {1}{\left (b x^2+a\right ) \sqrt {d x^2+c}}dx}{b}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d} x}{\sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{b \sqrt {d}}}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 291 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\frac {2 a (b c-a d) \int \frac {1}{a-\frac {(a d-b c) x^2}{d x^2+c}}d\frac {x}{\sqrt {d x^2+c}}}{b}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d} x}{\sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{b \sqrt {d}}}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 218 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {x \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{2 b}-\frac {\frac {2 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {b c-a d} \arctan \left (\frac {x \sqrt {b c-a d}}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{b}-\frac {(b c-2 a d) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d} x}{\sqrt {c+d x^2}}\right )}{b \sqrt {d}}}{2 b}\) |
(x*Sqrt[c + d*x^2])/(2*b) - ((2*Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[b*c - a*d]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[b*c - a*d]*x)/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c + d*x^2])])/b - ((b*c - 2*a*d)*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[d]*x )/Sqrt[c + d*x^2]])/(b*Sqrt[d]))/(2*b)
3.7.78.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/R t[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]))* ArcTanh[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (Gt Q[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Subst[Int[1/(1 - b*x^2), x], x, x/Sqrt[a + b*x^2]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && !GtQ[a, 0]
Int[1/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2)), x_Symbol] :> Subst [Int[1/(c - (b*c - a*d)*x^2), x], x, x/Sqrt[a + b*x^2]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0]
Int[((e_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2)^(q_ ), x_Symbol] :> Simp[e*(e*x)^(m - 1)*(a + b*x^2)^(p + 1)*((c + d*x^2)^q/(b* (m + 2*(p + q) + 1))), x] - Simp[e^2/(b*(m + 2*(p + q) + 1)) Int[(e*x)^(m - 2)*(a + b*x^2)^p*(c + d*x^2)^(q - 1)*Simp[a*c*(m - 1) + (a*d*(m - 1) - 2 *q*(b*c - a*d))*x^2, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, p}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && GtQ[q, 0] && GtQ[m, 1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, d, e, m, 2, p, q, x]
Int[((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^2)/(((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2]) , x_Symbol] :> Simp[f/b Int[1/Sqrt[c + d*x^2], x], x] + Simp[(b*e - a*f)/ b Int[1/((a + b*x^2)*Sqrt[c + d*x^2]), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f} , x]
Time = 3.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 122, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09
| method | result | size |
| pseudoelliptic | \(-\frac {\left (-d^{\frac {3}{2}} a^{2}+\sqrt {d}\, a b c \right ) \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}\, a}{x \sqrt {\left (a d -b c \right ) a}}\right )+\sqrt {\left (a d -b c \right ) a}\, \left (\left (a d -\frac {b c}{2}\right ) \operatorname {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{x \sqrt {d}}\right )-\frac {\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}\, b x \sqrt {d}}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a d -b c \right ) a}\, \sqrt {d}\, b^{2}}\) | \(122\) |
| risch | \(\frac {x \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{2 b}-\frac {\frac {\left (2 a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (x \sqrt {d}+\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}\right )}{b \sqrt {d}}-\frac {a \left (a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a b}\, b \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}+\frac {a \left (a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a b}\, b \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}}{2 b}\) | \(382\) |
| default | \(\frac {\frac {x \sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}}{2}+\frac {c \ln \left (x \sqrt {d}+\sqrt {d \,x^{2}+c}\right )}{2 \sqrt {d}}}{b}-\frac {a \left (\sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}+\frac {\sqrt {d}\, \sqrt {-a b}\, \ln \left (\frac {\frac {d \sqrt {-a b}}{b}+d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{\sqrt {d}}+\sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\right )}{b}+\frac {\left (a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}+\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x -\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-a b}\, b}+\frac {a \left (\sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}-\frac {\sqrt {d}\, \sqrt {-a b}\, \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {d \sqrt {-a b}}{b}+d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{\sqrt {d}}+\sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\right )}{b}+\frac {\left (a d -b c \right ) \ln \left (\frac {-\frac {2 \left (a d -b c \right )}{b}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}+2 \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}\, \sqrt {d \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )^{2}-\frac {2 d \sqrt {-a b}\, \left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}\right )}{b}-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}{x +\frac {\sqrt {-a b}}{b}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-\frac {a d -b c}{b}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-a b}\, b}\) | \(700\) |
-((-d^(3/2)*a^2+d^(1/2)*a*b*c)*arctanh((d*x^2+c)^(1/2)/x*a/((a*d-b*c)*a)^( 1/2))+((a*d-b*c)*a)^(1/2)*((a*d-1/2*b*c)*arctanh((d*x^2+c)^(1/2)/x/d^(1/2) )-1/2*(d*x^2+c)^(1/2)*b*x*d^(1/2)))/((a*d-b*c)*a)^(1/2)/d^(1/2)/b^2
Time = 0.32 (sec) , antiderivative size = 690, normalized size of antiderivative = 6.16 \[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\left [\frac {2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} b d x - {\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} \sqrt {d} \log \left (-2 \, d x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} \sqrt {d} x - c\right ) + \sqrt {-a b c + a^{2} d} d \log \left (\frac {{\left (b^{2} c^{2} - 8 \, a b c d + 8 \, a^{2} d^{2}\right )} x^{4} + a^{2} c^{2} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, a b c^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c d\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, {\left ({\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} x^{3} - a c x\right )} \sqrt {-a b c + a^{2} d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}}\right )}{4 \, b^{2} d}, \frac {2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} b d x - 2 \, {\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} \sqrt {-d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-d} x}{\sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}\right ) + \sqrt {-a b c + a^{2} d} d \log \left (\frac {{\left (b^{2} c^{2} - 8 \, a b c d + 8 \, a^{2} d^{2}\right )} x^{4} + a^{2} c^{2} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, a b c^{2} - 4 \, a^{2} c d\right )} x^{2} - 4 \, {\left ({\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} x^{3} - a c x\right )} \sqrt {-a b c + a^{2} d} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{b^{2} x^{4} + 2 \, a b x^{2} + a^{2}}\right )}{4 \, b^{2} d}, \frac {2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} b d x - 2 \, \sqrt {a b c - a^{2} d} d \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a b c - a^{2} d} {\left ({\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} x^{2} - a c\right )} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a b c d - a^{2} d^{2}\right )} x^{3} + {\left (a b c^{2} - a^{2} c d\right )} x\right )}}\right ) - {\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} \sqrt {d} \log \left (-2 \, d x^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {d x^{2} + c} \sqrt {d} x - c\right )}{4 \, b^{2} d}, \frac {\sqrt {d x^{2} + c} b d x - \sqrt {a b c - a^{2} d} d \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a b c - a^{2} d} {\left ({\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} x^{2} - a c\right )} \sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a b c d - a^{2} d^{2}\right )} x^{3} + {\left (a b c^{2} - a^{2} c d\right )} x\right )}}\right ) - {\left (b c - 2 \, a d\right )} \sqrt {-d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-d} x}{\sqrt {d x^{2} + c}}\right )}{2 \, b^{2} d}\right ] \]
[1/4*(2*sqrt(d*x^2 + c)*b*d*x - (b*c - 2*a*d)*sqrt(d)*log(-2*d*x^2 + 2*sqr t(d*x^2 + c)*sqrt(d)*x - c) + sqrt(-a*b*c + a^2*d)*d*log(((b^2*c^2 - 8*a*b *c*d + 8*a^2*d^2)*x^4 + a^2*c^2 - 2*(3*a*b*c^2 - 4*a^2*c*d)*x^2 - 4*((b*c - 2*a*d)*x^3 - a*c*x)*sqrt(-a*b*c + a^2*d)*sqrt(d*x^2 + c))/(b^2*x^4 + 2*a *b*x^2 + a^2)))/(b^2*d), 1/4*(2*sqrt(d*x^2 + c)*b*d*x - 2*(b*c - 2*a*d)*sq rt(-d)*arctan(sqrt(-d)*x/sqrt(d*x^2 + c)) + sqrt(-a*b*c + a^2*d)*d*log(((b ^2*c^2 - 8*a*b*c*d + 8*a^2*d^2)*x^4 + a^2*c^2 - 2*(3*a*b*c^2 - 4*a^2*c*d)* x^2 - 4*((b*c - 2*a*d)*x^3 - a*c*x)*sqrt(-a*b*c + a^2*d)*sqrt(d*x^2 + c))/ (b^2*x^4 + 2*a*b*x^2 + a^2)))/(b^2*d), 1/4*(2*sqrt(d*x^2 + c)*b*d*x - 2*sq rt(a*b*c - a^2*d)*d*arctan(1/2*sqrt(a*b*c - a^2*d)*((b*c - 2*a*d)*x^2 - a* c)*sqrt(d*x^2 + c)/((a*b*c*d - a^2*d^2)*x^3 + (a*b*c^2 - a^2*c*d)*x)) - (b *c - 2*a*d)*sqrt(d)*log(-2*d*x^2 + 2*sqrt(d*x^2 + c)*sqrt(d)*x - c))/(b^2* d), 1/2*(sqrt(d*x^2 + c)*b*d*x - sqrt(a*b*c - a^2*d)*d*arctan(1/2*sqrt(a*b *c - a^2*d)*((b*c - 2*a*d)*x^2 - a*c)*sqrt(d*x^2 + c)/((a*b*c*d - a^2*d^2) *x^3 + (a*b*c^2 - a^2*c*d)*x)) - (b*c - 2*a*d)*sqrt(-d)*arctan(sqrt(-d)*x/ sqrt(d*x^2 + c)))/(b^2*d)]
\[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{2} \sqrt {c + d x^{2}}}{a + b x^{2}}\, dx \]
\[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {d x^{2} + c} x^{2}}{b x^{2} + a} \,d x } \]
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: TypeError} \]
Exception raised: TypeError >> an error occurred running a Giac command:IN PUT:sage2:=int(sage0,sageVARx):;OUTPUT:index.cc index_m i_lex_is_greater E rror: Bad Argument Value
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^2 \sqrt {c+d x^2}}{a+b x^2} \, dx=\int \frac {x^2\,\sqrt {d\,x^2+c}}{b\,x^2+a} \,d x \]